Regulatory frameworkLoi 25 + sectoral duties
The consulting-engineering firm — whether in structure, geotechnics, environment, building mechanics or electrical — operates under three simultaneous regimes: Bill 25, the Engineers' Code of professional conduct, and the Engineers Act (CQLR, c. I-9) with its professional-liability duties.
- Loi 25, art. 5 + art. 17 + art. 18
- the firm collects personal information (names of contract signatories, owner addresses, partner contacts) in the mandate of design or expert assessment; any transfer outside Québec requires the art. 17 para. 2 assessment.
- Engineers' Code of professional conduct (CQLR, c. I-9, r. 6), art. 3.04.01
- professional secrecy on client information. The standard covers both personal information (Bill 25) and strategic information of the corporate client (financial plans, go-live schedules, business partners).
- Architects' Code of professional conduct (CQLR, c. A-21, r. 5.1), art. 3.04
- analogous professional secrecy for architecture / landscape-architecture firms.
- Engineers Act (CQLR, c. I-9)
- professional liability of the signing engineer. If an error in a deliverable stems from an unvalidated AI tool, liability remains with the signing engineer; documenting diligence becomes critical.
- OIQ — "Generative AI in engineering practice"
- recommends supervised use, traceability of AI contributions in the signed deliverable, and engineer training on tool limits. Not legally binding, but cited by the syndic in adjacent investigations.
The practical consequence is known to every firm that has experimented with ChatGPT for specification drafting since 2023: pasting a client brief ("our client, owner of a CA$45M industrial complex in Saint-Bruno, plans an aerospace expansion") into ChatGPT communicates professional secrecy on the client's expansion strategy to a U.S. corporation, without consent, without a contractual framework, and — if AI error contaminates the signed deliverable — engages the engineer's civil liability.