Regulatory frameworkLoi 25 + sectoral duties
The financial-advisor or brokerage firm — whether an AMF-registered independent firm or a bancassurance subsidiary — operates under a triple regulatory layer: Bill 25 as a private entity, Regulation 31-103 on registration obligations, and the IIROC-CIRO Conduct Code (or the equivalent AMF-supervised obligations for non-IIROC advisors).
- Loi 25, art. 5 + art. 17
- collection limited to the advisory mandate; transfer outside Québec requires a documented art. 17 para. 2 assessment. Client positions, amounts under management, and individual performance are sensitive personal information (financial profiles).
- Securities Act (CQLR, c. V-1.1)
- AMF, market supervision. Client-record retention duties (~7 years) apply including to AI-assisted deliverables.
- IIROC-CIRO Conduct Code
- conflict-of-interest management, absolute client confidentiality, due-diligence duty in tool selection. Mention of traceability of client communications.
- Regulation 31-103 on registration obligations
- registration, record-keeping, and internal-supervision duties. Any tool touching the client profile falls under supervision.
- AMF — "Notice on the use of AI in financial services"
- recommends traceability of AI contributions in client communications, representative training, and art. 17 documentation for any transfer to a foreign provider.
The practical consequence is known to every firm that has deployed M365 Copilot or Excel Copilot on representative workstations: Copilot reads the open Excel file, which carries client positions, and sends the content to the model for synthesis. Without specific configuration (M365 Copilot Data Boundary Canada as a paid option), the transfer is undocumented, art. 17 unassessed, and the IIROC audit chain reconstructed retroactively.